• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A gas turbine includes a number of target exhaust temperature determination modules (201, 202, 203, 204), comprising: a NO x compliance module (201) and a CO restriction module (202), each configured to output an exhaust gas temperature at which Turbine exhaust gas with maximum allowable NO X - or CO levels is compliant; an exhaust temperature setpoint module (203) configured to output a first setpoint temperature for gas turbine operation and a maximum exhaust temperature module (204) configured to output a second setpoint gas turbine operation temperature that is higher as the first set temperature. The gas turbine further includes at least one benchmark module (206, 207) configured to apply an indicium to an output of at least one of the target exhaust temperature determination modules (203, 204) in the event that NO X compliant peak load operation is possible; a maximum value selection module (208) configured to receive the CO exhaust temperature and the first set temperature and output the higher of the two temperatures, and a minimum value selection module (209) configured to set the output value of the maximum value selection module (208) NO x exhaust gas temperature and the second setpoint temperature to receive and output the lowest of these temperatures. Further, the gas turbine includes a controller (200) configured to operate the gas turbine in a NO X compliant peak load operation to produce the NO x exhaust gas temperature determined by the NO X compliance module (201) in the case that the NO x exhaust gas temperature has been output from the minimum value selection module (209).
    公开号:CH701305B1
    申请号:CH01009/10
    申请日:2010-06-23
    公开日:2016-07-29
    发明作者:Edward Dean Douglas；Walter Simons Derrik；Prabhakar Kulkarni Abhijit
    申请人:Gen Electric；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Background to the invention
    The invention described herein relates to a gas turbine having a control device for determining an exhaust gas temperature and limiting the NOx in the exhaust gas. The present invention also relates to a method for NOX-compliant peak load operation of a gas turbine.
    Industrial and power plant gas turbines may have a control system, also referred to as a control system, which monitors and controls turbine operation. These controllers control the combustion system of the gas turbine in response to data and data sensors located at various positions in and around the gas turbine. The controller performs control planning algorithms to control the combustion system of the gas turbine based on the sensor data. Gas turbine combustion systems are usually sensitive to environmental conditions such as the humidity and temperature of the environment. In particular, seasonal differences in humidity or temperature may affect the operation of the combustor system.
    The gas turbine may produce environmental pollutants during operation, e.g. Nitrogen oxides (NOX), which can be emitted as part of the turbine exhaust gas. The levels of NOX emissions emitted by the gas turbine may be affected by environmental conditions. For example, a high inlet ambient temperature may reduce NOX emissions to a relatively low level; high humidity of the ambient air can also reduce NOX emissions. High ambient or high ambient humidity periods may coincide with periods of high power demand in which the gas turbine combustion system may be operated at a peak load combustion temperature to meet the high power requirements. However, NO x emission levels may increase as the combustion temperature of the combustor system increases. The NOX emissions emitted by the gas turbine must be kept below prescribed levels in order to comply with emissions regulations.
    Brief description of the invention
    It is the object of the invention to provide a gas turbine with a control device that allows operation at high power consumption and corresponding combustion temperatures in conformity with the NOX emission levels.In addition, the object is to provide a method for operating such a gas turbine.
    This object is achieved by a gas turbine according to claim 1.
    The object is also achieved according to claim 6 by a method for a NOX-compliant peak load operation of a gas turbine according to claim 1.
    These and other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
    Brief description of the drawings
    The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent after reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the attached figures:<Tb> FIG. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a gas turbine having a control device.<Tb> FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a gas turbine controller having a NOX compliant peak load operation.<Tb> FIG. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a method for NOx-compliant peak load operation.<Tb> FIG. FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a computer that may be used in conjunction with embodiments of a controller for a gas turbine controller having a NOX compliant peak load operation.
    The detailed description illustrated by way of example with reference to the drawings embodiments of the invention, together with advantages and features.
    Detailed description of the invention
    What is provided are exemplary embodiments of gas turbines and methods for a NOX-compliant peak load operation for a gas turbine. When it is determined that ambient temperature, humidity and power requirements are appropriate, gas turbine combustors are operated to a limit of NOX emission compliance at a peak load combustion temperature, resulting in high energy production to meet high demand levels.
    Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a gas turbine engine 100. The gas turbine engine 100 includes a compressor 104, combustion chambers 106 and 107, a turbine 108 drivingly connected to the compressor 104, and a controller 101. The two combustors 106 and 107 are shown in the gas turbine engine 100 for purposes of illustration only; Embodiments of a gas turbine 100 have any suitable number of combustion chambers. An inlet passage 102 supplies ambient air and possibly injected water to the compressor 104 via inlet guide vanes 103. Intake passage 102 may include channels, filters, shields, and sound absorbing devices that all contribute to a pressure drop of ambient air flowing through inlet 102 into inlet guide vanes 103 of compressor 104. An exhaust passage 109 directs combustion gases from the outlet of the turbine 108 through passages including, for example, emission monitoring and noise attenuation means. The exhaust passage 109 exerts a back pressure on the turbine. The intensity of back pressure changes over time due to the addition of components to exhaust passage 109 and dust and dirt clogging the exhaust passages. The turbine 108 drives a generator 110 that generates electrical power. The inlet pressure loss at the compressor 104 and the exhaust outlet pressure loss of the turbine 108 are essentially a function of a corrected flow through the gas turbine engine 100. As a result, the magnitude of the inlet pressure loss and the turbine stall pressure will vary depending on the flow through the gas turbine engine 100.
    The operation of the gas turbine is monitored by sensors 111-114. The sensors 111-114 detect conditions at the intake passage 102, at the exhaust passage 109, at the turbine 108 and at the compressor 104 as well as at ambient conditions of the gas turbine 100. For example, temperature sensors monitor the ambient temperature of the gas turbine, the compressor discharge temperature, the turbine exhaust temperature, and other temperature readings of the Gas turbine traversing gas stream. Pressure sensors monitor ambient pressure and static and dynamic pressure levels at the inlet and outlet of the compressor and at the turbine outlet as well as elsewhere in the gas flow. In addition, humidity sensors, e.g. Moisture and dry bulb thermometer, the ambient humidity in the inlet channel of the compressor. The sensors 111-114 also include flow sensors, speed sensors, flame detector sensors, valve position sensors, vane angle sensors, or the like, which detect different data relevant to the operation of the gas turbine engine 100. The sensors 111-114 are shown merely as examples for illustration; Any suitable number of sensors of any type are located at any suitable location on the gas turbine 100.
    Embodiments of the controller 101 control the operation of the combustors 106 and 107 by means of the data provided by the sensors 111-114 via a fuel control module 105 to produce on the exhaust passage 109 an exhaust gas having a target temperature. The target exhaust temperature is determined based on considerations that include, but not limited to, carbon monoxide (CO) and NOx and temperature tolerances of the physical components of the gas turbine engine 100. The controller 101 is implemented based on any suitable hardware or software. The fuel control module 105 controls the rate of fuel flowing from a fuel supply (not shown) to the combustors 106 and 107 and thereby determines the combustion temperature and emission levels of the combustors 106 and 107. The fuel control module is a separate unit in some embodiments 105 or, in other embodiments, is an internal component of the controller 101.
    FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a gas turbine controller 200 having NOX compliant peak load operation. The modules 201-204 use any applicable data output from the sensors 111-114, such as, but not limited to, ambient humidity, ambient pressure, compressor pressure ratio, specific humidity, inlet pressure loss, exhaust back pressure, or compressor outlet temperature, to set a maximum temperature on the sensor Based on considerations which, for example, but not limited to, concern emission levels of CO and NOx or temperature tolerances of the physical components of the gas turbine 100. At input 205, a maximum rated exhaust gas temperature for gas turbine engine 100 is output to minimum value selection module 209. The NOX compliance module 201 determines a maximum exhaust temperature at which emission levels of NOX conform to prescribed levels, and outputs the determined NOX-compliant temperature to the minimum value selection module 209. The CO limiting module 202 determines a maximum exhaust gas temperature at which emission levels of CO conform to prescribed levels. The exhaust temperature setpoint module 203 determines an exhaust target temperature that reflects an optimum combustion temperature at which the gas turbine 100 is engineered. Each of these particular temperatures is output to the maximum value selection module 208, which outputs the maximum of its two inputs to the minimum value selection module 209. The maximum exhaust temperature module 204 further determines an exhaust target temperature that reflects a maximum temperature for optimal combustion of the gas turbine, which exceeds the maximum exhaust temperature in some embodiments, and outputs the determined temperature value to the minimum value selection module 209. The minimum value selection module 209 selects the minimum value among the maximum operating temperature 205, NOX compliance module 201, maximum value selection module 208, and maximum exhaust temperature module 204, and outputs the minimum value as a total target exhaust temperature at the output 210. The control device 200 subsequently regulates the operation of the combustion chambers 106 and 107 in order to reach the exhaust gas target temperature at the exhaust gas channel 109, which is predetermined at the output 210.
    An operator of the gas turbine 100 decides that conditions of high ambient temperature and humidity are present at the inlet duct 102 and, if necessary, turns on NOX-compliant peak load operation to meet high power demand levels. In one variation, NOX compliant peak load operation is automatically turned on if it is determined that conditions are appropriate. When the NOX compliant peak load mode is on, the guideline module 206 for the exhaust temperature setpoint module 203 and the guideline module 207 for the maximum exhaust temperature module 204 are activated. The benchmark modules 206 and 207 raise the output signals of the exhaust temperature setpoint module 203 and the maximum exhaust temperature module 204 so that the output signals of the exhaust temperature setpoint module 203 and the maximum exhaust temperature module 204 exceed the output signal of the NOX compliance module 201 causes the NOX compliance module 201 to output the control input value to the minimum value selection module 209. This makes it possible to increase the output of the gas turbine 100 up to the limit of NOX conformity.
    If conditions of relatively high ambient humidity and temperature are present, the temperature determined by the NOX compliance module 201 exceeds the maximum exhaust gas temperature 205. In such circumstances, the maximum exhaust gas temperature input 205 is the control input value output to the minimum value selection module 209, and the gas turbine 100 will be at maximum exhaust gas temperature 205, which results in NOX levels being below the limit.
    FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a method 300 for NOX compliant peak load operation. In block 301, it is determined whether conditions are suitable for NOX-compliant peak load operation. The conditions include high ambient humidity, high ambient temperature and high power requirements. The determination is made by a gas turbine operator or automatically. If conditions are suitable, NOX-compliant peak load operation will be activated. In block 302, a peak load exhaust temperature is determined at which NOX emission levels fall below maximum permitted levels. At block 303, a target value is applied to the T-combustion target temperature and the T-combustion cut-off temperature that raises the target T-combustion temperature and the T-combustion cut temperature to exceed the peak load exhaust temperature determined in block 302. In some embodiments, the target T-combustion temperature and the T-combustion limit temperature are set to a maximum nominal exhaust gas temperature of the gas turbine. At block 304, the gas turbine operates at the peak load exhaust temperature determined in block 302, which limits NOX emissions to allowable levels while improving power generation.
    FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a computer 400 having capabilities utilized by embodiments of a control apparatus for a gas turbine having NOX compliant peak load operation as implemented in software. Various acts discussed above utilize the capabilities of the computer 400. One or more capabilities of the computer 400 are used in any of the elements, modules, applications, and / or components discussed herein.
    The computer 400 includes, but is not limited to, PCs, workstations, laptops, PDAs, handsets, servers, storage, and the like. Generally, in terms of hardware architecture, computer 400 includes one or more processors 410, random access memory 420, and one or more input and / or output I / O devices 470 connected via a local interface (not shown) , For example, but not limited to, the local interface includes one or more buses or other wired or wireless connections, as known in the art. The local interface has additional elements, e.g. Controllers, buffers (caches), drivers, amplifiers and receivers to allow data exchange. In addition, the local interface includes addressing, control and / or data connections to allow for convenient communication between the above-mentioned components.
    The processor 410 is a hardware device that serves to execute software stored in the working memory 420. The processor 410 is any custom or commercially available processor, central processing unit (CPU), data signal processor (DSP), or auxiliary processor among multiple processors associated with the computer 400, and the processor 410 is a semiconductor-based microprocessor (in the form of a microprocessor) Microchips) or a macro processor.
    The random access memory 420 includes any volatile memory elements (eg random access memory (RAM), for example dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM) etc.) and persistent storage elements (eg ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM)). EEPROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), tape storage, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), disks, diskettes, cartridges, cassettes or the like) or combination thereof. In addition, the working memory 420 includes electronic, magnetic, optical and / or other types of storage media. Note that work memory 420 has a distributed architecture in which multiple components are located apart from each other, but which processor 410 accesses.
    The software stored in memory 420 includes one or more separate programs, each of which has an ordered list of executable instructions for performing logical functions. The software in the memory 420 includes, in accordance with embodiments, a suitable operating system (O / S) 450, a compiler 440, a source code 430, and one or more applications 460. As seen, the application 460 has numerous functional components for performing the features and the steps of the embodiments. The application 460 of the computer 400, in accordance with embodiments, includes a variety of applications, computing units, logic, functional units, processes, operations, virtual instances, and / or modules, however, the application 460 is not intended to be limiting.
    The operating system 450 controls the execution of other computer programs and provides scheduling, input / output control, file and data management, memory management and data exchange control, and related services. It is contemplated that the application 460 used to implement embodiments may be applicable in all commercially-available operating systems.
    The application 460 includes a source program, an executable program (object program code), script, or any other entity having a set of instructions to execute. In the case of a source program, the program is usually translated by a compiler (eg, compiler 440), assembler, interpreter, or the like, included or not included in working memory 420 to work in conjunction with O / S 450 , In addition, application 460 is written in: (a) an object-oriented programming language having classes of data and methods, or (b) a procedural programming language having program routines, subroutines, and / or functions, such as, but not limited to, C, C ++, C #, Pascal, BASIC, API calls, HTML, XHTML, XML, ASP scripts, FORTRAN, COBOL, Perl, Java, ADA, .NET, and the like.
    The input-output devices 470 include input devices such as, but not limited to, a mouse, keyboard, scanner, microphone, camera, etc. In addition, the input-output devices 470 also include output devices, For example, but not limited to, a printer, a display, etc. Finally, the input-output devices 470 also include means for exchanging both input and output data, such as, but not limited to, a network card or A modulator / demodulator (for accessing remote devices, other files, devices, systems or a network), a radio frequency (RF) or other transceiver, a telephone interface, a bridge, a router, etc. The input-output devices 470 also include Components that are capable of multiple networks, eg to exchange the internet or intranet data.
    If the computer 400 is a PC, a workstation, an intelligent device, or the like, the software in the memory 420 also includes a basic input / output system (BIOS) (not shown for simplicity). The BIOS is a set of basic software routines that initialize and test the hardware at startup, start the operating system 450, and support data transfer between the hardware devices. The BIOS is stored in a read-only memory, such as ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or the like, so that the BIOS is executed when the computer 400 is activated.
    When the computer 400 is in operation, the processor 410 serves to execute software stored in the random access memory 420, to load and unload data into and from the working memory 420, and generally in accordance with the software operations of the computer 400 to control. The application 460 and the operating system 450 are read in whole or in part by the processor 410, possibly buffered in the processor 410 and subsequently executed.
    When the application 460 is implemented as software, it should be noted that the application 460 is stored on virtually any computer readable medium for use by or in connection with any computerized system or method. As used herein, a computer readable medium includes: electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical means that includes or stores a computer program for use by or in conjunction with a computerized system or method become.
    The application 460 is implemented based on any computer readable medium to communicate with or through a system, device, or device for executing instructions, such as a computerized system, a system having a processor, or the like to be used by any other system capable of retrieving the commands from the system or device or device for command execution and executing the commands. As used herein, a "computer-readable medium" is any means capable of storing, exchanging, distributing, or transmitting the program in order to be executed by systems, devices, or devices for executing instructions Connection with such to be used. The computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor-based systems, devices, devices, or distribution media.
    More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of media that are readable by a computer include: an electrical (electronic) connection comprising one or more wires, a portable (magnetic or optical) computer disk, an (electronic) Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM, EEPROM or Flash Memory), Optical Fiber, USB Drive and Portable (Optical) Compact Disk memory (CDROM, CD R / W). It should be noted that the computer-readable medium could even be based on paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed or stamped, as the program electronically, for example, via optical scanning of the paper or other medium recorded, then compiled, interpreted or if necessary suitably processed in any other way and then stored in the working memory of a computer.
    If the application 460 is implemented in the form of hardware, the application 460 is implemented using any or a combination of the following technologies, all of which are well known in the art: one (or more) discrete logic circuits (e) Logic gates for performing logic functions in response to data signals, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with appropriate combinatorial logic gates, one (or more) programmable gate array (s) (PGA), field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.
    While the invention has been described in detail only by means of a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily apparent that the invention is not limited to such described embodiments.
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    [0033]<Tb> 100 <September> Gas Turbine<Tb> 101 <September> controller<Tb> 102 <September> inlet channel<Tb> 103 <September> inlet guide vane<Tb> 104 <September> compressor<Tb> 105 <September> fuel control module<Tb> 106 <September> combustion chamber<Tb> 107 <September> combustion chamber<Tb> 108 <September> Turbine<Tb> 109 <September> exhaust duct<Tb> 110 <September> Generator<Tb> III <September> Sensor<Tb> 112 <September> Sensor<Tb> 113 <September> Sensor<Tb> 114 <September> Sensor<Tb> 200 <September> gas turbine control device<Tb> 201 <September> NOX Compliance Module<Tb> 202 <September> CO-limiting module<Tb> 203 <September> exhaust temperature setpoint module<Tb> 204 <September> maximum exhaust gas temperature module<tb> 205 <SEP> Maximum exhaust gas temperature<Tb> 206 <September> benchmark module<Tb> 207 <September> benchmark module<Tb> 208 <September> maximum value selection module<Tb> 209 <September> minimum value selection module<Tb> 210 <September> exhaust target temperature<300> <SEP> NOX-compliant peak load operation method<tb> 301 <SEP> Determine if conditions are appropriate<tb> 302 <SEP> Determine peak load exhaust temperature<tb> 303 <SEP> Apply the guideline<tb> 304 <SEP> Operating the turbine<Tb> 400 <September> Computers<Tb> 410 <September> Processor<Tb> 420 <September> Memory<Tb> 430 <September> Source<Tb> 440 <September> Compiler<Tb> 450 <September> Operating system<Tb> 460 <September> Application<Tb> 470 <September> input / output devices
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    1. Gas turbine (100), comprising:a plurality of target exhaust temperature determining modules (201, 202, 203, 204), wherein the number of target exhaust temperature determining modules (201, 202, 203, 204) includes a nitrogen oxide (NOX) compliance module (201) configured to output an exhaust gas temperature an exhaust gas of the gas turbine (100) is compliant with a maximum permitted NOX level; wherein the number of target exhaust gas temperature determination modules (201, 202, 203, 204) further comprises: a CO restriction module (202) configured to output a CO exhaust gas temperature at which an exhaust gas of the gas turbine (100) having a prescribed maximum CO Level, an exhaust temperature setpoint module (203) configured to output a first setpoint temperature for operation of the gas turbine, and a maximum exhaust temperature module (204) configured to set a second setpoint temperature for operation output the gas turbine, wherein the second setpoint temperature is higher than the first setpoint temperature;at least one benchmark module (206, 207) configured to apply an indicium to an output of at least one of the number of target exhaust temperature determination modules (203, 204) in the event that a NOX compliant peak load operation for the gas turbine is possible;a maximum value selection module (208) configured to receive the CO exhaust temperature from the CO limitation module (202) and the first set temperature of the exhaust temperature setpoint module (203), and the higher temperature below the CO exhaust temperature and the first set temperature to spend;a minimum value selection module (209) configured to receive the output value of the maximum value selection module (208), the NOX exhaust temperature from the NOX compliance module (201), and the second set temperature from the maximum exhaust temperature module (204) and the lowest Output temperature below the temperature output of the maximum value selection module (208), the NOX exhaust temperature, and the second set temperature; anda controller (101, 200) configured to operate the gas turbine in a NOX-compliant peak load operation to produce the NO x exhaust temperature determined by the NOX compliance module (201) in the event that the NOX exhaust temperature has been output from the minimum value selection module (209).
    [2]
    2. A gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the at least one reference value module comprises a first Richterwertmodul which is adapted to apply to the output value of the first set temperature of the exhaust gas temperature target value module (203) a guideline.
    [3]
    3. Gas turbine (100) according to claim 2, wherein the at least one reference value module (206, 207), the output of the exhaust temperature setpoint module (203) or the maximum exhaust gas temperature module (204) to a maximum operating temperature (205) of the gas turbine (100 ) increases.
    [4]
    4. The gas turbine (100) of claim 1, wherein the at least one benchmark module (206, 207) is configured to be activated in response to a measured ambient temperature, a measured ambient humidity or a predetermined power demand.
    [5]
    5. A gas turbine (100) according to claim 1, further comprising a fuel control module (105) adapted to control a fuel flow to a combustion chamber (106, 107) of the gas turbine (100) so that the combustion chamber (106, 107) generates exhaust gas at the exhaust gas temperature determined by the NOX compliance module (201).
    [6]
    6. A method (300) for NOX-compliant peak load operation of a gas turbine engine (100) according to claim 1, wherein the method includes, in the event that conditions for a peak load operation are determined, including:Determining a first peak load exhaust temperature for the gas turbine (100) at which nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions of the gas turbine fall below a maximum allowable level (302);Applying a guideline value to the output of the exhaust temperature setpoint module and the maximum exhaust temperature module (303); andOperating the gas turbine (100) at the first determined peak load exhaust temperature (304).
    [7]
    The method (300) of claim 6, wherein the decision as to whether conditions are for a peak load operation is based on an ambient temperature, an ambient humidity or a power demand.
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    法律状态:
    2017-03-15| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH GLOBAL PATENT, CH |
    2021-01-29| PL| Patent ceased|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/492,772|US8370044B2|2009-06-26|2009-06-26|NOX compliant peak for gas turbine|
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